Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) modules, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. Comprised of multiple solar cells made from semiconductor materials, such as silicon, solar panels generate direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight.

These DC outputs are then converted into usable alternating current (AC) power through inverters for residential, commercial, or industrial applications. Solar panels are a cornerstone of renewable energy systems, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of electricity.

Their widespread adoption contributes to reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels, lowering carbon emissions, and promoting a shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy practices globally.